Observing the progress of chemical reactions under quantum conditions, this is the "truth" that scientists began to seek half a century ago. According to the physicist organization network on October 12 (Beijing time), the team of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel has now confirmed this with experiments. The relevant research results have been published in the US magazine Science this week. on.
We know that when molecules break into atoms, the process of rearranging and combining atoms to produce new substances is called a chemical reaction. This is actually the process of breaking old chemical bonds and forming new chemical bonds, so whether new substances are generated becomes the basis for judging whether a reaction is a chemical reaction. The quantum effect requires a macroscopic system composed of a large number of particles under extreme conditions such as ultra-low temperature. According to the theory of "wave-particle duality" in quantum theory, quantum effects make microscopic physical particles It may also have wave characteristics such as interference and diffraction like light waves.
Quantum theory predicts that the relationship between chemical reactions and quantum effects is: the mechanism of quantum effects can make chemical reactions deviate from the traditional direction and obtain new reaction results-for example, in an environment near absolute zero, when quantum effects begin to "intervene", The rate of chemical reactions should be much higher than in traditional chemistry.
But this seemingly simple description took half a century of exploration in the scientific community. The scientist who started the experiment initially used two low-temperature ultrasound beams to collide and observed the progress of the chemical reaction with unprecedented resolution. But the relative speed of the collision was too high-resulting in a temperature of more than 100 Kelvin, and as a result, many quantum effects were "erased". Over the years, scientists have tried to use clever techniques to control the temperature, but quantum effects and chemical reactions are still like fish and bear paws, and they can't have both.
Now, Dr. Ed Nair Repairs and his team have made major innovations. They summarized the previous method and used "merging" instead of "colliding" two ultrasound beams-generating the first beam on a straight line. Then use a magnetic device to bend the second beam until it is parallel to the former, so that the ultrasonic beam is faster, the relative velocity of the particles is also zero, and finally achieved a temperature environment that is only 0.01k higher than absolute zero. The chemical reaction was observed under the conditions: one of the two ultrasonic beams contained the excited state of helium atoms, and the other contained argon atoms or hydrogen molecules. In the subsequent chemical reaction, the argon or hydrogen molecules were ionized-releasing electrons. In the classical effect, the reaction speed that should be gradually slowed down with the temperature drop suddenly reached the peak and valley after the ultrasound beam merged, and signs of quantum tunneling effect appeared.
According to Nair Repairs, this is the first time that experiments have shown that the rate of chemical reactions can change dramatically under ultra-low temperature conditions; it also provides an ultra-sensitive detector for reaction kinetics. It is foreseeable that this experiment will solve many problems, especially those related to the chemical reactions taking place in the icy interstellar space.
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