Professor Manosas of the Department of Basic Physics at UB explained: "In the 1970s, this approach was proposed, and now we have been able to prove it by manipulating a single molecule in bacteriophage. Traditional biochemical technology, the application of this new technology allows us to understand in real time how a protein molecule acts on a molecule. "
To study a single molecule, we used magnetic tweezers, a technique that constrains a DNA hairpin between the glass surface and a magnetic bead. A magnetic system generates a magnetic field that allows us to manipulate the beads and generate magnetic force. This system can measure the expansion of the DNA chain by monitoring the magnetic beads. According to Manosas, we can speculate on the activity of proteins on DNA from the changes in molecular expansion. These changes are attributed to the work of proteins. In DNA replication In the process, the process of copying the complementary strands of the two strands as templates is separate. The new complementary strands combine with each initial strand to ensure that they get exactly the same copy as the original DNA molecule. Polymerase participates in this process, and they perform all A family of enzymes in the process of DNA replication. When either of the two derivative strands is damaged, especially the leading strand, the polymerase will stop synthesizing bases, so the replication process will stop. Manosas said: "Stop this process It will cause some problems for cell growth. When the replication mechanism (replicas) is disassembled, a bypass process occurs, and this is the goal of our research. "
The bypass process begins with the helicase protein (UvsW) promoting strand binding, a phenomenon known as DNA hybridization. The helicase protein can also establish an intermediate structure (Holliday linker), using the undamaged replication chain as a template Under the combined action of the polymerase, the drive system leaves its starting point. Once the damage is skipped, the DNA replication process can be restarted. Manosas concluded: "Therefore, when one strand is damaged, other complete strands can be used. Acting as a backup to recover lost information, this process is called a template conversion strategy, and we know that the maximum annealing speed of helicase UvsW is 1500 bases per second. "
In many diseases, DNA repair is the most basic process. A deeper understanding of these phenomena enables us to manipulate certain proteins that have similar functions in humans. Manosas is working in this direction, and she is working on a The study of the action mode of human protein HARP. Because it is well known that HARP protein has a very important role in genome protection, and its dysfunction is related to the occurrence of certain types of cancer.
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