Choosing and using paper properly and reasonably is of great significance for ensuring the quality of publications and reducing the cost of publications. As a person engaged in materials management in the publishing and printing industry, not only should we select the types and specifications of the required papers in advance according to the publication plans of each department and quarter of the department, but also be able to accurately calculate the amount of papers required according to the publication plans. It is also necessary to coordinate and guide the printing staff to use paper reasonably, so as to reduce paper consumption and improve economic efficiency.
The selection of paper includes the selection of varieties, specifications and quality grades. It is not possible to focus on one aspect and ignore other aspects.
When selecting paper types, it is mainly necessary to choose according to the characteristics of the printed matter to be printed and the type of printing machine used. For color covers, illustrations or advertising inserts in printed books and periodicals, double-sided coated paper or offset paper can be used; for single-sided printed products such as printed trademarks, single-sided coated paper or single offset paper can be used; tools such as printing dictionaries, dictionaries, manuals Books should use dictionary paper or thin letterpress paper; for printing general books, you can choose offset printing paper or letterpress printing paper. It is also used to print general books. If you want to use it on a rotary press, you need to use roll paper (except the platform rotary press), if you plan to print on a general platform, you need to use flat paper; if you want to print on an offset press, you should use offset printed books, If printing on a letterpress printing machine, it is sufficient to use letterpress printing paper.
There are many types of printed materials, and the type of paper used should be selected according to the specific characteristics of various printed materials.
As for the selection of paper specifications, it involves the method of using paper for books and periodicals. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the method of paper for general books and periodicals and the commonly used format.
The paper produced by the paper production department in accordance with national standards is called full-open paper. A full-open paper is cut or folded into several small sheets of equal area. The number of openings is called the number of copies. The specifications of various formats have a unified standard across the country, so books printed throughout the country have the same size and the same size.
Because the paper sizes of various specifications are different, although they are cut into the same format, their size and specifications are also different. After a book is booked, it is not clear how many formats are collectively called. China currently uses 787 * 1092 (mm) paper as the standard printing sheet, and uses it to print 32-books, called 32-books. If a 32-book book is printed on 850 * 1168 (mm) paper, the size of the paper is larger than the standard sheet, so a "big" character is required, which is called a large 32-book version.
The choice of format is generally determined by factors such as the nature of the book, the number of pages, the level of readers, and conditions of use. There are no hard and fast rules. The format of books and periodicals is mostly cut with a geometric order of 2, which is convenient for folding into a book by using a machine when binding. The more common format is 16, 32, 64 format, the most commonly used format is 32 format.
The geometric series of 2 opening method that starts the knife in the length direction is also the basic opening method commonly used, that is, the straight opening method. According to the geometric series of 2, the cutting can also be started in the width direction, which is the so-called horizontal opening method.
The horizontal opening method is rarely used. Only certain covers, inserts and special printed papers use this opening method.
For the special needs in publishing, sometimes non-geometric series of deformed format, such as 12 open, 18 open, 20 open, 24 open, 28 open, 36 open and so on. The deformed format cannot be folded by a machine, and it is more troublesome to open the material. Manual binding is required when binding, which is prone to errors. Therefore, general books and periodicals, especially those with a large number of prints, are rarely used. Non-geometric series of deformed opening methods include three opening methods, five opening methods, and seven opening methods.
With the same format and method of printing and binding books, the size and area of ​​the format vary according to the specifications of the paper used, so pay great attention to the paper specifications when selecting paper. Generally speaking, more authoritative literature or social celebrity works often use 850 * 1168 (mm) large-size paper, while general novels and other common books mostly use 787 * 1092 (mm) standard-size paper. In addition, there is an international standard 880 * 1230 (mm), which has been officially included in the national standard.
When choosing paper specifications, in addition to paying attention to the size of the paper, it is also necessary to choose a suitable basis weight. Generally, under the premise of meeting the printing and usage requirements, paper with a smaller amount should be selected as much as possible, so as to reduce the cost of publications.
After the type and specifications of the paper used are selected, the quality grade of the paper must be selected very carefully. In other words, you should be familiar with the characteristics and quality status of various products in various paper mills, and understand and master the changes at any time.
After the selection of paper types, specifications, manufacturers and quality levels is selected, it should also be noted that in the publishing process, it is best to use the products produced by a manufacturer at the same period to print the same book. Otherwise, because the color of the same variety of paper produced by different manufacturers at different times is often quite different, it will cause the "sandwich" phenomenon of printed books.
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