Scientists recently said that yeast cells that use glucose in human blood as energy will one day drive electronic devices such as pacemakers that are inserted into the body. This dynamic power can be self-generated, thus replacing the routine operation of replacing the battery regularly. Because a team of scientists at the University of British Columbia in Canada encapsulated yeast in soft capsules, this tiny microbial fuel cell has been developed and can be applied to electronic devices such as microelectrodes in the spine to treat paralysis.
Scientists engaged in the development of this yeast fuel cell said that microelectrodes in the spine need to be implanted in the spine, so replacing the battery is tricky.
Traditional fuel cells rely on high-temperature catalysts such as platinum to strip electrons from the fuel, thereby generating electrical current. The microbial fuel cell uses a low-temperature catalyst in living cells, an enzyme, to generate electricity. The easiest way is when the cell begins to decompose food, it directly "steals" the electrons produced by the cell. This method can be achieved with the help of an "electronic intermediary". The so-called "electronic intermediary" is a sufficiently small chemical that can obtain electrons through the cell and then run out of the cell.
This new fuel cell consists of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is enclosed in a capsule made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material, which together constitute this fuel cell. The samples of the fuel cell currently developed by scientists are in the micron range, with an area of ​​15 square microns and a thickness of 1.4 microns. The research results were published in the newly published "Journal of Microelectrical Systems" (Journal of Microelectrical Systems (DOI: 10.1109 / JMEMS.2008.2006816))
Methyl blue, a compound commonly used to stain biological samples, is now used by scientists at the University of British Columbia in Canada as an "electronic intermediary." When the yeast breaks down glucose, methyl blue "steals" electrons from the yeast cell, and then transports the electrons to the other side of the yeast cell, resulting in a weak current. At the cathode, hydrogen ions from yeast cells combine with oxygen to produce water. In order to increase the area of ​​the electrode to increase the power output of the fuel cell, the team used silicon etching technology to manufacture "micro columns" with an area of ​​about 40 square microns and a height of 8 microns.
After testing, this yeast fuel cell can produce about 40 nanowatts of electricity, in contrast, quartz watch electronics can usually produce microwatt-level power. Therefore, if a capacitor is used to store energy, the yeast fuel cell can drive some devices. The yeast will also be genetically modified to give it greater power output. However, this goal faces many challenges. For example, yeast cells must grow healthy and their waste must be cleaned without damage, allowing harmful substances to be excreted into human blood.
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