Today, China vigorously promotes energy conservation and emission reduction and builds green homes, and actively responds to the “Twelfth Five-Year†energy conservation and emission reduction plan. Building a green data center has become a major task.
The data center energy consumption index is measured by PUE. PUE refers to the comprehensive measurement of the ratio of the total input power of a data center system to the power consumed by IT equipment in the data center in a continuous year. The total input power of the data center system and data center cooling account for a large proportion of the total energy consumption of the data center. Energy saving of data center refrigeration system has become an inevitable trend. Among them, Free Cooling (free cooling) technology with its mature concept and successful application in a number of projects has shown economic efficiency, and has also attracted the attention of people in the industry. ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (American Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration Engineers 2010 Energy Efficiency Standard) also included free cooling in the data center into the standard. It is foreseeable that free cooling will be widely accepted.
Free Cooling system is a kind of when the outdoor wet bulb temperature is relatively low, the outdoor cooling source is introduced into the building through the corresponding technical means to remove the heat to achieve the purpose of cooling. There are currently two main ways of free cooling: free cooling on the air and water sides. Free cooling on the air side means that outdoor air is brought directly into the building through the filter or indirectly through the heat exchanger. Free cooling on the water side refers to a refrigerant like water or ethylene glycol, which directly takes away heat through the cooling tower circulation, rather than heat circulation through the refrigerator or compressor flow circulation. Currently, free water-side cooling has been adopted in most data center infrastructure construction.
The use of air-cooled free-cooling systems in containerized data centers can increase the reliability of the system and save a lot of operating costs. From the perspective of the world's energy development strategy and low-carbon economy, it will also be a globally promoted energy-saving technology. Globally, data centers such as Facebook and Google have adopted free-cooling technology.
21Vianet adopts the container-type data center module product of Tianjin Cloud Cube Technology Co., Ltd. The first phase of the Beijing Jiuxianqiao B28 container data center project successfully constructed by a high-density IT box, a UPS power box and a Free Cooling function composed of air-cooled screw chiller.
This air-cooled chiller has a unique air-cooled natural cooling heat exchanger, and its operation preferentially uses the low temperature air of the natural environment to cool the circulating chilled water, which can achieve compressor-free operation and cooling, which significantly saves the energy consumption of the compressor. The internal schematic diagram of the unit is shown below.
Internal schematic diagram of air-cooled chiller
In summer, the unit operates in the compressor cycle cooling mode, which is the same as the conventional air-cooled chiller unit, and is completely cooled by the compressor cycle.
In the spring and autumn transitional seasons and evenings, when the ambient temperature reaches two degrees or more lower than the return temperature of the chilled water, turn on Free Cooling natural cooling to pre-cool the chilled water. This part is natural cooling refrigeration without compressor power consumption. For the part with insufficient natural cooling, the required cooling capacity is achieved by the compression refrigeration relay (the part with compression power consumption). As the outdoor ambient temperature decreases, the proportion of the natural cooling part becomes larger and larger until it reaches 100%, completely natural cooling refrigeration, no compressor power consumption.
In winter, when the ambient temperature reaches 10 ° C or more lower than the return temperature of the chilled water, natural cooling reaches 100%, the compressor refrigeration system completely stops running, the unit has no compressor power consumption, and only a small amount of fan operating power .
Application of free cooling unit
Compared with traditional air-cooled chillers, the advantages of Free Cooling air-cooled chillers are mainly as follows: as the ambient temperature decreases, the proportion of natural cooling becomes larger and larger, and the power consumption of the unit becomes lower and lower until complete natural cooling. There is only a small amount of fan power consumption, which greatly reduces the power consumption of the unit.
21Vianet Jiuxianqiao B28 container data center has been officially put into operation since December 2009. It is in good operating condition and has significant energy saving effects. The annual comprehensive PUE value is less than 1.5, and the operation and maintenance costs are reduced by more than 50% compared with traditional data centers.
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